UNIT-10
UNIT TEN
Must – have to – should
a) Must: meli – malı.
Bir eylemin yap›lmas›n›n zorunlulu¤unu belirten “must” ile ifade edilen kiflinin
kendi iste¤inden kaynaklanmaktad›r.
Olumlu cümle
I must go: Gitmeliyim.
(Ben böyle istemiyorum)
He must do his homework every day.
(O ödevini hergün yapmal›d›r.)
You must go home.
Eve gitmelisin.
Olumsuz cümle
özne + mustn’t + fiil + nesne “must” yerine “mustn’t” kullan›l›r. “Mustn’t” bir
eylemin yap›lmamas› gerekti¤ini yasak oldu¤unu belirtir.
You mustn’t park here.
Buraya park etmemelisin.
You mustn’t smoke here.
Burada sigara içmemelisin.
b) Have to / has to : Zorunda olmak
“Have to / has to”da belirtilen eylemin bir yapt›r›m ile karfl›lafl›laca¤› mesaj› vard›r.
I have to go to work on time.
‹fle zaman›nda gitmek zorunday›m (zorunluluk baflkalar› taraf›ndan konulmufl).
We have to pass our exams.
S›navlar›m›z› geçmek zorunday›z.
In winter, we have to wear thick clothes.
K›fl›n, kal›n elbiseler giymek zorunday›z.
She is late to airport, she has to take a taxi.
Havaalan›na geç kald›, taksi tutmak zorunda.
özne have to verb1
özne has to verb1➠
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Olumsuz cümle
I don’t have to go to school today.
Bugün okula gitmek zorunda de¤ilim.
He doesn’t have to learn French.
O Frans›zca ö¤renmek zorunda de¤il.
özne don’t have to fiil1
doesn’t has to
Soru cümlesi
Do you have to learn German?
Almanca ö¤renmek zorunda m›s›n?
Yes, I have to.
Evet, ö¤renmek zorunday›m.
Does she have to learn English?
O, ‹ngilizce ö¤renmek zorunda m›d›r?
Yes, she has to.
Evet ö¤renmek zorundad›r.
“Must-have / has to”nun di-li geçmifl hali “had to” d›r.
I had to go to Paris last year.
Geçen y›l Paris’e gitmek zorundayd›m.
Soru kelimeleri ile örnekler
Where do you have to go?
Nereye gitmek zorundas›n?
When do you have to go?
Ne zaman gitmek zorundas›n?
do / does özne have to fiil1 nesne?
has to➠
➠
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c) Should: hafif zorunluluk, gereklilik.
Should ö¤üt vermek amac›yla kullan›lan bir yap›d›r.
You should study harder?
Daha s›k› çal›flmal›s›n.
The weather is cold, you should wear a coat.
Hava so¤uk, paltonu giysen iyi olur.
Olumsuz cümlede
Should not: shouldn’t
It is too hot outside, you shouldn’t go out.
D›flar›s› afl›r› s›cak, d›flar› ç›kmasan iyi olur.
EXERCISE A: Fiill in the blanks with “have to“ or “has to”
ALI"TIRMA A: Boflluklar› “have to” veya “has to”ile doldurun.
1. My class starts at 8. I ……………. hurry up.
2. It is raining outside you ………… take your umbrella.
3. Nurses ………….. wear a uiform at work.
4. Suellen …………… wash the dishes.
5. Jack ………………. get up early tomorrow.
6. They ……………… write two letters.
7. You …………….. finish the homework today.
EXERCISE B: Complete the sentences using must /mustn’t + verbs in the box.
ALI"TIRMA B: Kutudaki fiilleri must /mustn’t ile kullanarak cümleleri tamamlay›n›z.
visit
brush
speak
drink
smoke
play
eat
go
1. I have got the flu. I …………… to the hospital.
2. You ……….. your teeth twice a day.
3. We often ……….. our grandmother.
4. Students ………… milk every morning.
5. Children ………… play in the street.
6. We ……………. cigarette in public buildings.
7. If you are fat. You ……… sweets.
8. We ………………. bad words to other people.!NG!L!ZCE 7
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EXERCISE C: Choose the correct one.
1. You (must / have to / should) drive on the left side of the road in England.
2. I am very tired. I (must – have to – shouldn’t) sleep.
3. Tomorrow is holiday I (musn’t - don’t have to- shouldn’t get up early.
4. She (mustn’t / doesn’t have to / shouldn’t) eat chocolate. She is fat.
Örnekler:
There is a problem in the report.
Raporda sorun var.
You should work more on it.
Üzerinde biraz daha çal›flmal›s›n.
- It is too late.
Çok geç oldu.
I must go now.
Gitmeliyim.
- You don’t have to go there.
Oraya gitmek zorunda de¤ilsin.
(Konuflmac› oraya gidip gitmeme karar›n›n size kald›¤›n› söylüyor .)
- You mustn’t go there.
Oraya gitmemelisin.
(Karar› kendiniz veriyorsunuz.)"
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SUMMARY(ÖZET)
1. Must: meli – malı.
Bir eylemin yap›lmas›n›n zorunlulu¤unu belirten “must” ile ifade edilen kiflinin
kendi iste¤inden kaynaklanmaktad›r.
2. Have to / has to : Zorunda olmak
Have to / has to’da belirtilen eylem yap›lmad›¤›nda bir yapt›r›m ile karfl›lafl›laca¤›
mesaj› vard›r.
Must
a) Zorunluluk gereklilik
Must (bizden kaynaklanan / have to-has to ise d›flardan kaynaklanan zorunluluk.)
b) Gözleme dayanan akıl yürütme.
He spends a lat of money. He must be rich. O çok para harc›yor.O zengin olmal›.
c) Yasaklar için.
You musn’t drive fast. H›zl› araba kullanmamal›s›n.
Have / Has To
Kullan›ld›¤›nda mecburiyetin cümleyi söyleyen kifliden kaynaklanmad›¤›n›, kendi
yetkisi d›fl›ndaki mecburiyeti dile getirdi¤i anlafl›lmal›.
You have to wear a tie at school.
Okulda k›ravat takman laz›m. (Kural haline gelen bir mecburiyeti belirtiyor.)
Should
a) Gereklilik ve tavsiye içerir.
You should eat less, you are too fat.
b) Zorunluluk
You should clean your teeth every morning.
c) Akıl yürütme, tahmin
She is dancing well, she should be a dancer.
Don’t have to: Needn’t
You don’t have to clean the windows.
Pencereleri temizlemenize gerek yok.
VOCABULARY
aunt : hala, teyze
authority : otorite
book : kitap
car : araba
change : de¤ifltirmek
development : geliflim
door : kap
face : yüz
friend : arkadafl
idea : fikir
interest : ilgi
job : meslek
law : kanun
level : seviye
line ; çizgi, hat
market : market
minister : bakan
mother : anne
name : isim
need : ihtiyaç duymak
nephew : erkek ye¤en
niece : k›z ye¤en
office : büro
order : ›smarlamak, düzen
other : di¤er
period : dönem
person : kifli
policy : politika
process : süreç
rate : oran
reason : sebep
report : rapor
result : sonuç
right : sa¤, do¤ru
room : oda
study : çal›flma
subject : konu
surname : soyisim
term : dönem
uncle : amca, day›
use : kullanmak
voice : ses
war : savafl
water : su✎