UNIT-16
UNIT 16
SUPERLATIVE FORM OF ADJECTIVES
(SIFATLARIN EN ÜSTÜNLÜK DERECES!)
S›fat tek heceli ise superlative(en üstünlük) fleklinde s›fat›n bafl›na The sonuna “-est”
al›r. Comparative’de “daha” anlam› varken, superlative’de “en” anlam› vard›r.
Mary is taller than Tom.
Mary; Tom’dan daha uzun boyludur.
Susan is the oldest of all the students.
Suzan ö¤encilerin en yafll›s›d›r.
Erzurum is colder than Adana.
Erzurum, Adanadan daha so¤uktur.
My hair is longer than your hair.
Benim saç›m seninkinden daha uzundur.
‹stanbul is bigger than Kayseri.
‹stanbul, Kayseri’den daha büyüktür.
“-er” veya “est” baz› iki heceli s›fatlarada ilave edilebilir( Özellikle sonu “-er,-ow,
-ple, -ble,-y,-ly” ile biten s›fatlara):
Adjective(S›fat) Comparative (Üstünlük) Superlative(En üstünlük)
tall = uzun taller = daha uzun the tallest = en uzun
new = yeni newer = daha yeni the newest = en yeni
short = k›sa shorter = daha k›sa the shortest = en k›sa
fast = h›zl› faster = daha h›zl› the fastest = en h›zl›
old = yafll› older = daha yafll› the oldest = en yafll›s›
Adj Comparative Superlative
narrow = dar narrower = daha dar the narrowest = en dar
clever = ak›ll› cleverer = daha ak›ll› the cleverest = en ak›ll›!NG!L!ZCE 7
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Sonu -y ile bitip bir önceki harf sessiz ise -y düflürülüp comparative (üstünlük)fleklinde -ier,superlative fleklinde ise -iest s›fat›n sonuna eklenir.
Tom’s car is larger than Helena’s car.
Tom’un arabas› Helena’n›n arabas›ndan daha büyüktür.
‹ki sessiz harf aras›nda k›sa bir sesli bulunan tek heceli s›fatlar›n Comparative ve
Superlative fleklinde son harf tekrarlan›pdaha sonra -er,-est eklenir.
My mother is fatter than your mother.
Benim annem senin annenden daha fliflmand›r.
➠ sonu -e ile biten s›fatlara -r,-st eklenir.:
➠
➠
Adj Comparative Superlative
Nice = güzel, hofl nicer = daha güzel, hofl the nicest = en güzeli
Large = genifl larger = daha genifl the largest = en genifl.
Brave=cesur braver = daha cesur the bravest = en cesur.
Simple=basit simpler = daha basit the simplest = en basit.
Wise=zeki wiser = daha zeki the wisest = daha zeki
Adj Comparative Superlative
Happy = mutlu happier = daha mutlu the happiest = en mutlu
Pretty = güzel prettier = daha güzel the prettiest = en güzel
Adj Comparative Superlative
Big bigger the biggest
Thin thinner the thinnest
Fat Fatter the fattest!NG!L!ZCE 7
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Mary is the fattest person I’ve ever seen.
Mary gördü¤üm en fliflman kiflidir.
My typewriter is better tan your’s.
Benim daktilom seninkinden daha iyidir.
I have got less money than Tom.
Tom’dan daha az param var.
GENERAL EXERCISES : Genel al›flt›rmalar
The Mississippi is the longest river in the world.
Mississippi dünyan›n en uzun nehridir.
China is the most crowded country in the world.
Çin dünyan›n en kalabal›k ülkesidir.
Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
Everest dünyan›n en yüksek da¤›d›r.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is one the greatest statesman in the world.
Atatürk dünyan›n en büyük devlet adamlar›ndand›r.
Lake Van is the largest in Turkey.
Van Türkiyenin en büyük gölüdür.
Mount A¤r› (Ararat) is the highest in Turkey.
A¤r› Türkiye’nin en büyük da¤›d›r.
Mercedes is the most expensive car of all.
Mersedes hepsinden en pahal› arabad›r.
Cheetah is the fastest animal in the world.
Çita dünyan›n en h›zl› hayvan›d›r.
good = iyi better = daha iyi the best = en iyi
bad = bad worse = daha kötü the worst = en kötü
far = uzak farther = daha uzak the farthest=en uzak
little = az less = daha az the least = en az
many = çok more = daha çok the most = en çok!NG!L!ZCE 7
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Two-Three syllable adjectives
Comparative form iki nesne aras›nda farklar› anlatmak için kullan›l›r. ‹ki ve daha
fazla heceli s›fatlar›n comparative halini oluflturmak için s›fat›n bafl›na more getirilir.
Örnek:
London is more exciting than Ankara
Londra, Ankara’dan daha heyecanl›d›r.
Superlative form ise üç veya daha fazla fley hakk›nda konuflurken “en” uzun, “en”
k›sa gibi ifadelerle bir tanesini ay›rmak için kullan›l›r. ‹ki ve daha fazla heceli s›fatlar›n
superlative halini oluflturmak için s›fat›n bafl›na the most getirilir.
Örnek
New York is the most exciting city in the USA.
New York Amerika’n›n en heyecan verici flehridir.
Hande is more beautiful than Hatice.
Hande Hatice’den daha güzeldir.
Mary is the most hardworking person I’ve ever met.
Karfl›laflt›¤›m en çal›flkan insan Mary’dir.
Women are more intelligent than men
Kad›nlar erkeklerden daha zekidir.
➠
➠
Adjective Comparative Superlative
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
expensive more expensive the most expensive
hardworking more hardworking the most hardworking
important more important the most important
Dangerous more dangerous the most dangerous!NG!L!ZCE 7
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Afla$›daki iki heceli s›fatlar hem er-est hemde more most ile kullan›labilir.
EXERCISE A: Complete the sentences with the adjectives in brackets. (use the
comparative or superlative form)
Alıfltırma A: Parantez içerisindeki s›fatlar› kullanarak cümleleri tamamlay›n›z.
(comparative ve superlative halleri kullan›n›z)
1- Mathematics is............................................ (difficult) subject.
2- Ronaldo is............................................ (popular) footballer in the world.
3- ‹stanbul is............................................ (crowded) city in Turkey.
4- The girl is............................................ (happy) than the boy.
5- The Nile is............................................ (long) river in the world.
6- A motorbike is............................................ (fast) than a bike.
7- Good health is ............................................ (important) thin in life.
8- Old people are ............................................ (experienced) than young people.
9- Jane was............................................ (beautiful girl at the party.
10- Box is............................................ (dangerous) of all sports.
11- Armchairs are ............................................ (comfortable) than chairs.
Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
clever cleverer cleverest
clever more clever most clever
gentle gentler gentlest
gentle more gentle most gentle
friendly friendlier friendliest
friendly more friendly most friendly
quiet quieter quietest
quiet more quiet most quiet
simple simpler simplest
simple more simple most simple!NG!L!ZCE 7
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IF CLAUSES TYPE 2
UNTRUE IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE
fiu Anda ya da Gelecekte Do$ru Olmayan
Type 2 Hayali fiart” olarak ta isimlendirilmektedir. Geçmifl zaman kullan›lmas›na
ra¤men asl›nda geçmifl zamandan bahsedilmemektedir. Bu nedenle gerçek olmayan
geçmifl diye adland›r›lm›flt›r.
En yayg›n kullan›m flekli:
IF + SIMPLE PAST, WOULD + V1
(Fiilin 1. hali)
If I had enough money, I would lend you some.
(E¤er yeterli param olsayd›, sana biraz borç verirdim.)
If I were rich , I would buy a mercedes.
(E¤er zengin olsayd›m, bir mercedes al›rd›m.)
If I knew the answer, I would tell it to you.
Cevab› bilsem sana söylerim / söylerdim.
If he didn’t drink so much, he wouldn’t cough so much.
Bu kadar çok içmese, bu kadar çok öksürmez / öksürmezdi.
If I had a map, I would lend it to you.
E¤er haritam olsayd›, onu size ödünç verirdim.
If he studied more, he would pass the exam.
Daha fazla çal›flsayd›, s›nav› geçerdi.
If he weren’t working now, he could come to our party.
E¤er flu anda çal›fl›yor olmasayd›, partiye gelirdi.
They would buy a new house if they had more money .
Biraz daha paralar› olsa, ev al›rlard›. !NG!L!ZCE 7
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Complete with the appropriate words. (Conditional Sentences Type II).
1. If he ............ (play) the lottery, he ............ (have) a chance to hit the jackpot.
2. If I ............ (be) rich, my life ............ (change) completely.
3. I ............ (buy) a villa, if I ............ (find) a cheaper one.
4. I ............ (invite) all my friends if I ............ (have) a party.
5. We ............ (have) great parties if my friends ............ (come) to my island.
6 . If you ............ (take) a taxi, you ............ (miss) the airplane.
7. If today............ (be) Sunday, we ............ (get up) late.
8 If I ............ (be) you, I ............ (study) more.
9. What ............ you..............(do), if you ............ (be) the Prime Minister?.
10. If today ............ (be) holiday, where ............ you .................(go)?
11. If the weather ............ (be) better, we ............ (go) for a picnic.
12. If you ............ (wear) a red tie, you............ (look) completely different.
13. If I ............ (be not)so hungry, I ............ (give) you some apple pie.
14. If I ............ (have) her telephone number, I ............ (tell) it to you.
15. If I ............ (know) the answer of the question, I ............ (tell) you.
16. If it ............ ( rain) Nina ............ (take) an umbrella with her.
17. If Susan............ (study) harder, she ............ (be) better at school.
18. If we ............ (live) in Rome, Tom ............ (visit) us."
!NG!L!ZCE 7
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SUMMARY (ÖZET)
S›fat tek heceli ise superlative(en üstünlük) fleklinde s›fat›n bafl›na THE sonuna
–EST al›r. Comparative’de daha l›k anlam› varken, superlative’de en lik anlam› vard›r.
Mary is taller than Tom.
Mary; Tom’dan daha uzun boyludur.
Susan is the oldest of all the students.
Suzan ö¤encilerin en yafll›s›d›r.
‹ki sessiz harf aras›nda k›sa bir sesli bulunan tek heceli s›fatlar›n Comparative ve
Superlative fleklinde son harf tekrarlan›pdaha sonra –er,-est eklenir.
Big bigger the biggest
Thin thinner the thinnest
Mary is thinner than Janet. Mary,
Janet’ten daha zay›f.
Two-Three syllable adjectives.
. ‹ki ve daha fazla heceli s›fatlar›n comparative halini oluflturmak için s›fat›n bafl›na
more getirilir.
London is more exciting than Ankara.
Londra, Ankara’dan daha heyecanl›d›r.
‹ki ve daha fazla heceli s›fatlar›n superlative halini oluflturmak için s›fat›n bafl›na
the most getirilir.
New York is the most exciting city in the USA
New York Amerika'n›n en heyecan verici flehridir.
IF CLAUSES TYPE 2
fiartl› Cümleler 2. Tip
IF + SIMPLE PAST, WOULD + V1(Fiilin 1. hali)
If I had enough money, I would lend you some.
E¤er yeterli param olsayd›, sana biraz borç verirdim.
If I were rich , I would buy a mercedes.
E¤er zengin olsayd›m, bir mercedes al›rd›m.